Why do we not have an HIV vaccine and how can we make one?

Why we don't have an HIV vaccine, and how we can develop one.

Confronted with the recent high-profile failures of several clinical trials of promising candidate vaccines against HIV, many scientists have all but given up hope of producing a human-ready vaccine within the next decade. In this review I contend that although the scientific obstacles remain formidable, the economic challenges are just as real. The groundwork will be laid for a major scientifi...

Why we do not make housecalls.

Trustworthy Software: Why we need it, Why we don't have it, How we can get it

We have become increasingly dependent on a national technological fabric that contains software, computers, and communication networks as essential components. Unfortunately, our ability to build affordable software systems for which there exists compelling evidence that the systems delivers their services in a manner that satisfies certain critical properties has not kept pace with the importa...

Why Do We Have Managers?

Economic actors have to make lots of decisions, and the paper is based on the premise that it takes time to be involved in any one of them. Attempts to economize on decision-making time imply that groups of peers may abdicate decision-making authority to a small set of managers even though this means that the information and preferences of the uninvolved players are neglected. We find that play...

Host Specificity Testing: Why Do We Do It and How We Can Do It Better

Host specificity testing is universally used in weed biological control to predict nontarget effects of potential agents. Despite this, there is some confusion regarding the role of host specificity testing in making such predictions. One possible role is as an assay of field host range. In this case, the ideal host specificity test will simulate conditions encountered in the field, and the res...